Aromatic Substitution
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Answers for Exercise
1. 
2. Nitration is substitution of a nitro group into
the aromatic ring
3. By Freidel Crafts acylation.
4. In nitration it is the nitronium ion NO2+ .
In sulphonation it can be SO3 or SO3H+.
In halogenation it is an adduct with FeCl3which is
Cl+-Fe-Cl3. In alkylatio0n itis
an adduct if it is a primary alkyl halide or a carbo cation itin
the case of a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide, and in acylation
it is the acylium ion.
5. A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor, it
has a vacant orbital to accept a pair of electrons, examples,
BF3 or H+ |